Types of Network Topology

 

Types of Network Topology

1. Bus Topology

Bus topology is the kind of network topology where every node, i.e. every device on the network is connected to a solo main cable line. Data is transmitted in a single route, from one point to the other. We cannot transmit data in both ways. When this topology has precisely two endpoints, it is known as Linear Bus Topology. It is mostly used for small networks.

Benefits of Bus Topology

• It is cost effective.
• The Cable length required is the least in comparison to other topologies.
• The working of this topology is easy to understand.
• Expansion can be done easily by linking the cables together.

Drawbacks of Bus Topology

• If the main cable collapses, the complete network collapses.
• The network performance is at stake and reduces if there are numerous nodes and heavy network traffic.
• The main cable can only be so long. The length of the cable is limited.
• Bus Topology is not as fast as Ring Topology.

2. Ring Topology

Ring Topology is a type of topology in which every computer is connected to another computer on each side, with the last computer being connected to the first, thus forming a ring shape. This topology allows for each computer to have exactly two neighboring computers.

In this topology, there is the main computer, known as the monitor station, which is responsible for all the operations. Data transmission amongst devices is done with the help of tokens. For transmitting data, the computer station has to hold the token. The token is released only when the transmission is complete, following which the token can be used by other computer stations to transmit data.

Data transmission is done in a sequential method, i.e. bit by bit. Therefore, data has to route its way through each node in the network to reach the destination node. We use repeaters in a Ring topology to prevent loss of data during transmission. These repeaters are especially helpful when the topology has a vast number of nodes, and the data is to reach the very last node in the network.

The data transmission is unidirectional in a Ring topology, but it can be created to be bidirectional, by connecting each node with another set of connecting lines. This is known as Dual Ring Topology. Here, two ring networks are created, with the data in each flowing in opposite 

Benefits of Ring Topology

• The network is not affected by numerous nodes or heavy traffic, as only the nodes possessing tokens can transfer data.
• Ring topology has cheap installation and expansion.

Drawbacks of Ring Topology

• It is a tedious task to troubleshoot in Ring topology.
• It is difficult to add or delete nodes, as it interrupts the network activity.
• If one computer crashes, the entire network activity is disrupted.

3. Star Topology

Star Topology is the kind of network topology in which all the nodes are connected via cables to a single node called hub, which is the central node. The hub can be active or passive in nature. Active hubs contain repeaters, while passive hubs are considered as non-intelligent nodes. Each node contains a reserved connection to the central node, which the central node acting as a repeater during data transmission.

Benefits of Star Topology

• Star topology boasts fast performance due to low network traffic.
• It is easy to upgrade the Hub, as and when required.
• Setup can be done easily and can be easily modified as well.
• Star Topology is easy to troubleshoot.
• In case a node has failed, it can easily be replaced without affecting the working of the rest of the network.

Drawbacks of Star Topology

• The installation cost is extreme and it is costly to use.
• All the nodes are dependent on the hub.

4. Mesh Topology

Mesh topology is the kind of topology, in which all the nodes are connected with all the other nodes via a network channel. Mesh  topology is a point-to-point connection. It has n(n-1)/2 network channels to connect n nodes.

Mesh topology has two techniques for transmission of data, i.e. routing and flooding. In the routing technique, the nodes possess a routing logic, like the logic for the shortest distance to the destination node or the logic to avoid routes with broken connections. In the flooding technique, all the network nodes receive the same data. This leaves us no need for routing logic. This technique makes the network robust but results in unwanted load on the network.

Benefits of Mesh Topology

• Every connection has the ability to carry its particular data load.
• Mesh Topology is very robust.
• It is easy to diagnose faults.
• Mesh Topology provides with privacy and security.

Drawbacks of Mesh Topology

• Mesh Topology is challenging to install and configure.
• As all the nodes are connected with each other, the cabling is costly.
• Bulk wiring is essential.

5. Tree Topology

Tree topology is the kind of topology in which the nodes are connected in a hierarchical manner, with all the nodes being connected to the topmost node or root node. Hence, it is also known as hierarchical topology. Tree topology has at least three levels of hierarchy.

Tree topology is applied in Wide Area Network. It is an extension of Bus topology and Star topology. It is best if the workstations are situated in groups, for easy working and managing.

Benefits of Tree Topology

• It is easy to expand the network with more nodes.
• It is easy to maintain and manage.
• It is easy to detect an error in the network.

Drawbacks of Tree Topology

• It is profoundly cabled.
• It is expensive when compared to other topologies.
• If the root node collapses, the network will also collapse.

6. Hybrid Topology

Hybrid Topology is basically a network topology comprising of two or more different types of topologies. It is a reliable and scalable topology, but simultaneously, it is a costly one. It receives the merits and demerits of the topologies used to build it.

 

Benefits of Hybrid Topology

• It is easy to troubleshoot and provides simple error detecting techniques.
• It is a flexible network topology, making it quite effective.
• It is scalable since the size can be made greater easily.

Drawbacks of Hybrid Topology

• It is complicated to design it.
• It is very expensive, as it involves more than one topologies.

Conclusion

We have seen the various network topologies available to us, along with their benefits and drawbacks. According to our requirements, it will now be easy for us to choose which network topology can be used.